TANAMAN GAHARU ( POKOK KARAS )
Sekarang ini ramai orang berminat menanam gaharu ( sebenarnya pokok KARAS ). Betapa tidak gaharu boleh menjadikan saorang pengusaha itu menjadi jutawantani. Gaharu Gred A berharga RM 20,000.00 sekilogram manakala Gred E ( yang terendah ) dijual pada harga RM 3,000.00 sekilogram ( Utusan M’sia – 19/3/10 ).
Guru saya pernah berkata kalau tak ada ilmu atau tiada kepakaran penginokulanan, tak payahlah tanam gaharu….nanti tergaru-garu katanya. Apa yang dikatakan guru saya itu memang benar kerana pokok karas yang mengeluarkan gaharu memerlukan proses yang disebut sebagai INOKULAN untuk penghasilan gaharu manakala gaharu yang dihasilkan perlu melalui proses tertentu dahulu sebelum boleh dijual pada harga yang disebutkan sebelum ini. Ianya tidak macam tanaman sawit, tanam, jaga dan jual buah.
Bagi mereka yang berminat dan berhajat untuk menanam pokok KARAS untuk penghasilan gaharu ENTRI Gemstani kali ini memetik 2 rencana MEGA Utusan Malaysia keluaran 19hb Mac 2010 untuk dijadikan renungan sebelum membuat pelaburan. Muga entri ini memberi manafaat kepada pembaca.
RENCANA SATU – GAHARU JANA JUTAWAN
Oleh Ashriq Fahmi Ahmad MEGA Utusan Malaysia.
Disalin semula oleh GEMSTANI.
Apa Yang Dikatakan Sebagai Gaharu.
Gaharu merupakan sejenis kayu dengan pelbagai bentuk jaluran warna khas serta memilikki kandungn DAMAR WANGIAN berupa aloe resin yang akan mengeluarkan bau atau aroma khusus apabila dibakar. Ia sangat terkenal dinegara negara Arab dan sudah ala diperdagangkan kerana sering digunakan dalam industri pembuatan minyak wangi, produk perubatan dan majlis keagamaan.
Berasal dari perkataan Sanskrit AGURU yang bermaksud kayu berat / tenggelam ia juga lebih dikenal sebagai agarwood, aloewood, eagleswood, jin-ko ( jepun ) dan oud ( arab ).
Gaharu diperoleh daripada sejenis pokok dikenali sebagai KARAS ( Aquilaria spp ) yang telah disenaraikan sebagai spesies yang sedang pupus oleh CITES kerana penuaian melampau dihabitat asalnya.
Industri Gaharu Memerlukan Ilmu Teknologi Penghasilan
Harga bagi gred tinggi mampu mencecah puluhan ribu RM dan kini ia menjadi satu fenomena dikalangan masyarakat apabila mereka mula menanamnya dengan harapan ia mampu memberi pulangan yang sangat lumayan. ( dan menjadikan mereka jutawan – gemstani )
Namun apa yang menjadi isu pada hari ini adalah pokok duit bakal jutawan segera itu tidak memberikan hasil ( seperti ) yang dihajatkan itu. Ramai yang kecewa dan menganggap ia merupakan perushaan sia sia - tidak seperti yang diwar-warkan.
Namun rata rata penanam karas mempunyai pengalaman yang cetek atau tiada pengalaman langsung berkaitan penghasilan gaharu daripada pokok karas ini. Fenomena tersebut cuma berlegar dikalangan pengusaha dan hanya disampaikan dari muluit ke mulut tanpa melibatkan kajian terhadap proses penanaman serta tuaian secara mendalam.
Oleh itu bagi pengusaha serta penanam gaharu yang benar-benar mahukan pulangan lumayan perlulah mengkaji secara teliti segala prosedur sebelum melabur. Terlalu banyak mitos dan pendapat mengenainya. Ada yang mengatakan ia lebih bernilai daripada emas dan ini membuatkan ramai orang tergila-gilakan hasil pokok ini ( dan secara gila gila juga mula menanam pokok karas ini- gemstani - saorang kawan gemstani membelanjakan RM 130,000.00 dari wang epf bersaranya menyeludup 3,000 benih pokok karas dari Burma melalui Thailand – dan kawan itu kini sedang merana – sedang tergaru-garu )
Malaysia tidak mampu lagi menjadi pengeksport gaharu kepasaran dunia kerana sumber asli didalm hutan sudah pupus. Usaha perladangan karas / gaharu perlulah dimulakan. Dari segi ini Indonesia dan Thailand telah berada selangkah kedepan. Kita pula masih teragak-agak.
Kekurangan sumber maklumat tepat dan kekangan modal yang tinggi untuk dikomersilkan menyebabkan ia kurang mendapat perhatian usahawan Malaysia.
Sehubungan dengan itu agensi kerajaan yang berkitn perlulah memainkan pernn dalam menyaalurkan fakta lengkap dan perkembangan teknologi dalam usaha menjadikan ia sebagai industri berkembang pesat.
Kajian FRIM Telah Menghasilkan Teknologi Penghasilan Gaharu Secara CEPAT dan MURAH.
Penyelidikan dalam penghasilan gaharu melalui kaedah SUNTIKAN dan INOKULASI jsedang giat dijalankan. Antara agensi yang sedang giat menjalankan kajian ialah Institut Penyelidekn Perhutanan M’sia / FRIM bermula sejak awal 1990.
Komponen penyelidikan meliputi kajian seperti bahan tanaman, pertumbuhan, suntikan tiruan, kimia serta impak sosial ekonomi keatas penduduk tempatan. Timbalan Ketua Pengarah FRIM Datuk Dr Abd Rashid Ab Malik berkata kini FRIM berjaya menyediakan teknik menghasilkan gaharu dengan lebih cepat dengan kos yang murah. “ Jika menanam gaharu secara biasa ia akan memakan masa yang panjang berbanding kaedah yang telah ditemui FRIM “ katanya.
Tambahnya lagi :-
a. Pokok gaharu pada usia 4 tahun sudah boleh melalui proses inokulasi dan setelah 2-3 tahun hasilnya sudah boleh diperolehi.
b. Bagi yang berminat boleh mendapatkan khidmat nasihat daripada FRIM dan kita ( FRIM ) akan sentiasa menbantu
Teknik inokulasi sebenarnya agak mahal, namun atas usaha FRIM teknik menghasilkan gaharu boleh menjadi murah dan berkesan. Jelas Dr Rashid pengusaha gaharu kini tidak perlu bimbang kerana negara telah memilikki teknologi terkini untuk menghasilkan gaharu setanding dengan negara negara jiran. Industri Gaharu masih mempunyai peluang yang cerah berikutan permintaan antarabangsa yang tinggi.
Penggredan Gaharu.
Terdapat 7 kategori mutu gaharu. Untuk mendapatkan kayu yang bermutu tinggi terdapat 5 ciri utama yang perlu diberi keutamaan untuk memastikan kayu gaharu mencapai tahap berkualiti. Ia termasuklah corak atau warna pada kayu spt warna coklat kehitaman, kandungan damar wangi yang tinggi, berat dan penghasilan aroma yang kuat apabila dibakar. Berdasarkan ciri tersebut gaharu digredkan kepada gred A, B,C,D,E dan lain lain gred termasuk gaharu racik.
Harga gaharu semasa / sekilogram
Gred A Super RM 25,000.00
Gred A RM 20,000.00
Gred B RM 18,000.00
Gred C RM 15,000.00
Ged D RM 8,000.00
Gred E RM 3,000.00
Lain Lain RM 500.00 hingga RM 1,000.00
Gaharu Racik RM 5.00 hingga RM 100.00
Penghasilan Minyak Gaharu.
Ada 2 kaedah :-
a. Kaedah Penyulingan Stim
Kaedah penyulingan stim adalah yang paling efektif dengan menghasilkan minyak yang banyak. Proses dimulakan dengan mengisar kayu gaharu sehingga halus, kemudian direndam selama bebrapa hari hingga sel kayu / parenkima dan kelenjar minyak terasing.
Kepingan gaharu ini kemudiannya akan disuling didalam keladang clavenger selama 6 jam dan setiap peringkat penghasilan minyak yang berlainan warna akan diambil dan digredkan.
b. Kaedah Penyulingan Air.
Kaedah Penyulingan Air ialah kaedah yang paling mudah tetapi penghasilan minyak gaharu adalah pada tahap minimum. Kayu gaharu akan dimasak selama 4 – 5 hari sehingga minyak terhasil.
Link Info Gaharu.
1. nationalgaharu.blogspot.com
2. www.forr.upm.edu.my
3. www.introp.upm.edu.my
RENCANA DUA – TEKNIK PENANAMAN GAHARU
Dipetik dari MEGA Utusan M’sia – Dr Mohd Zin Jusoh.
Disalin semula oleh GEMSTANI.
Pokok Yang Bergaharu
Pada umumnya terdapat 2 spesies pokok yang menghasilkan gaharu iaitu pokok KARAS ( Aquilara spp ) dan CENDANA ( Gyrinops spp )
Bagaimana Gaharu Terjadi
Proses terjadinya gaharu apabila pokok yang mengalami luka atau diserang penyakit dan kulat yang menjangkiti pokok tersebut merebak kedalam jaringan pembuluh kayu / vessel. Untuk terus hidup kulat tersebut akan menggunakan cairan sel dalam saluran pokok sebagai sumber tenaganya atau makanannya secara perlahan2 sehingga menyebabkan kurang atau terhentinya penghantaran makanan kepada daun. Sel-sel yang isinya sudah dimakan oleh kulat akan membentuk suatu kumpulan sel mati pada jaringan pembuluh kayu. Hasil tindakbalas kimia dalam kayu tersebut akan menghasilkan RESIN atau DAMAR WANGI yang dinamakan GAHARU dan apabila dibakar mengeluarkan aromanya yang tersendiri.
Species Pokok Karas
Pokok karas yang mengeluarkan gaharu ialah dari spesies THYMELAECEAE. Dalam dunia ada 25 spesies Aquilaria.
Spesies Di-Malaysia
Ada 5 species utama :;
1. A. malaccensis
2. A. hirta
3. A. beccariana
4. A. rostrata
5. A. microcarpa
Spesies kurang dikenali :-
1. A. brachyanta
2. A. cumingiana
3. A. crassna
Tips dari Prof Dr Mohd Zin Jusuh –
Pensyarah Fizik Kayu Fakulti Perhutanan UPM
1. Faktor yang amat mustahak – pemilihan anak benih – jarak tanaman – kaedah penanaman - kaedah suntikan & pasaran.
2. Hasil boleh diperolehi selepas pokok berumur 7 tahun.
3. Terdapat macam macam dakwaan berkaitan spesies yang lebih baik .. fakta yang perlu diberi perhatian ialah kos anak benih dan kecepatan membesar. Pokok yang sihat dan membesar dengan cepat biasanya menghasilkan gaharu YANG SEDIKIT berbanding pokok yang sakit – stress dan cedera. Didalam hutan pokok dikawasan berbatu dan mengalami tindakbalas kecederaan menghasilkan gaharu yang lebih bermutu.
4. Pokok karas memerlukan habitat yang unik berbanding pokok lain.
5. Spesies Aquilaria malaccensis merupakan spesies yang mempunyai nilai komersil yang tinggi.
6. Jarak tanaman yang disyorkan = 6 kaki x 6 kaki ( 1000 pokok / ekar ) atau 10 kaki x 10 kaki ( 430 pokok / ekar )
7. Tanaman berintegrasi dengan tanaman lain seperti herba, tanaman kontan memerlukan jarak yang bersesuaian dan amat digalakkan untuk mengimbangi kos.
8. Suntikan Enzim – setelah berusia 5 tahun suntikan sejenis enzim PERLU dilakukan untuk meransang penghasilan gaharu dan dibiarkan selama 2 tahun sebelum mendapat hasil optimum. Dalam keadaan semulajadi ( dalam hutan ) gaharu terbentuk apabila pokok karas berusia 20 – 40 tahun melalui kecederaan fizikal atau serangan mikroorganisma.
9. Kesesuaian :-
i. sesuai ditanam ditanah datar / rata atau berbukit sehingga 750meter diatas dasar laut
ii. purata hujan – kurang dari 2000 sm setahun
iii. suhu antara 27 – 32 darjah celsius
iv. pH tanah – dari tanah jenis lempung dan liat berpasir pH antara 4 hingga 6 pH
10. Lain Lain
a. tanaman secara monokultur – jarak tanaman 3m x 3 m populasi pokok 1000 hga 1300 / ha. Jika ditanam pada jarak 2m x 2m – populasi pokok antara 1600 – 1700 / ha.
b. tanaman secara selingan dengan pokok getah, sawit, kopi, akasia dll. Syarat tanaman utama telah berumur 5 – 8 tahun.
*** Tanah Getah Ditanam Dengan Karas Burma 2000 Pokok Di-Gemas NSDK Untuk Dijual – RM 250,000.00 Hubungi 019 – 2067227.
PERTANIAN BERILMU..cari ilmunya baru bertani...GEMSTANI yakin pada keajaiban ilmu. Layari juga http://fakirabdillah.webs.com
Friday, March 19, 2010
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
RACUN KULAT & RACUN SERANGGA UTK CILI -U of Florida Bell Peppers
Selected insecticides approved for use on insects attacking peppers.
Chemical Name Rate
(product/acre) REI
(hours) Days to Harvest Insects MOA
Code1 Notes
Acramite 50-WS
(bifenazate) 0.75-1.0 lb 12 3 twospotted spider mite 25 One application per season.
Actara
(thiamethoxam) 2-4 oz 12 0 aphids, flea beetles, pepper weevil, stink bugs, whiteflies 4A Toxic to bees. Do not apply to blooming plants if bees are foraging.
Admire 2F
(imidacloprid) 16-32 fl oz 12 21 aphids, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles, foliar-feeding thrips, whiteflies 4A Most effective if applied to soil at transplanting.
Admire Pro 7-14.0 fl oz
Admire 2F
(imidacloprid) 0.1 fl oz/1000 plants 12 21 (soil) aphids, whiteflies 4A Planthouse: 1 application to transplants. See label.
Admire Pro 0.44 fl oz/10,000 plants
Agree WG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 lepidopteran larvae (caterpillar pests) 11B1 Apply when larvae are small for best control. Can be used in greenhouse. OMRI-listed2.
*Agri-Mek 0.15 EC
(abamectin) 8-16 fl oz 12 7 broad mite, Liriomyza leafminers, spider mites, Thrips palmi 6 Do not make more than two sequential applications. Do not apply more than 0.056 lb ai per acre per season.
*Ambush 25W
(permethrin) 6.4-12/8 oz 12 3 cabbage looper, flea beetles, pepper weevil, vegetable leafminer 3 Do not apply more than 1.6 lb active ingredient per acre per season.
*Asana XL 0.66EC (esfenvalerate) 5.8-9.6 fl oz 12 7 Colorado potato beetle, corn earworm, cucumber beetles (adults), European corn borer, flea beetles, loopers, southern armyworm, (aids in control of beet armyworm and pepper weevil) 3 Do not apply more than 0.35 lb ai per acre per season, or treat more than 7 times at high rate.
Assail 70WP
(acetamiprid) 0.8-1.7 oz 12 7 aphids, Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies 4A Begin applications for whiteflies when first adults are noticed. Do not apply more than 4 times per season or apply more often than every 7 days.
Assail 30SG 1.5-4.0 oz
Avaunt
(indoxacarb) 2.5-3.5 oz 12 3 beet armyworm, loopers, southern armyworm, tomato fruitworm 22 Minimum spray interval is 5 days. Do not use more than 14 ounces of product per acre per crop.
Aza-Direct
(azadirachtin) 1-2 pts, up to 3.5 pts, if needed 4 0 aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, stink bugs, thrips, weevils, whiteflies 18B Antifeedant, repellent, insect growth regulator. OMRI-listed2.
Azatin XL
(azadirachtin)
5-21 fl oz
4
0
aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, thrips, weevils, whiteflies
18B
Antifeedant, repellent, insect growth regulator.
*Baythroid 2E
(cyfluthrin) 1.6-2.8 fl oz 12 7 beet armyworm (1), cabbage looper, corn earworm, leafhoppers, leafminers (2), pepper weevil (2), thrips (except Thrips palmi) 3 (1) 1st and 2nd instars only
(2) aids in suppression
Do not apply more than 0.26 lb ai per acre per season (6 applications) or 0.132 lb ai per acre (XL)
Beleaf 50 SG
(flonicamid) 2.0-2.8 oz 12 0 aphids, plant bugs 9C Do not apply more than 8.4 oz/acre per season. Begin applications before pests reach damaging levels.
Biobit HP
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars (will not control large armyworms) 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. Can be used in the greenhouse. OMRI-listed2.
BotaniGard 22 WP, ES
(Beauveria bassiana) WP:
0.5-2 lb 100/gal
ES:
0.5-2 qt 100/gal 4 0 aphids, thrips, whiteflies -- May be used in greenhouses. Contact dealer for recommendations if an adjuvant must be used. Not compatible in tank mix with fungicides.
*Capture 2EC
(bifenthrin)
2.1-6.4 fl oz
12
7
armyworms, corn earworm, cucumber beetles, cutworms, leafminers, loopers, mites, pepper weevil, thrips, whiteflies
3
Do not make applications less than 7 days apart. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb active ingredient per acre per season.
Confirm 2F
(tebufenozide) 6-16 fl oz 4 7 beet armyworm, black cutworm, cabbage looper, fall armyworm, southern armyworm, tobacco hornworm, tomato hornworm, true armyworm, yellowstriped armyworm 18A Do not apply more than 1.0 lb ai per acre per season.
Crymax WDG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Use high rate for armyworms. Treat when larvae are young.
Deliver
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-1.25 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Use higher rates for armyworms. OMRI-listed2.
Dibrom 8EC
(naled) 1 pt 48 1 aphids, blister beetle, flea beetles, leafminers, mites 1B Apply no more than 1 pt/acre in Florida. Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Dimethoate 4EC, 2.67EC
(dimethoate) 4EC: 0.5-0.67 pt
2.67: 0.75-1 pt 48 2 - 4 EC
0 - 2.67 EC aphids, leafminers 1B Highly toxic to bees.
Dimilan 25W
(diflubenzuron) 4-8 oz 12 7 foliage-feeding caterpillars, pepper weevil (reduces hatching of eggs produced by adults that have consumed treated foliage) 15 Up to 5 applications per season, but no more than 24 oz. per acre per season. IGR - effects not seen for 5-7 days.
Dimilan 2L 4-8 fl oz
DiPel DF
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential.
Endosulfan 3EC
(endosulfan) 0.66-1.33 qt 24 See label 1 or 4, depending on rate used. armyworms, flea beetles, green peach aphid, hornworms, leafhoppers, pepper maggot, whiteflies 2 Do not apply more than twice a year. Do not exceed 2.0 lb active ingredient per acre per year.
Entrust
(spinosad) 0.5-2.5 oz 4 1 armyworms, flower thrips, hornworms, leafminers, loopers, other caterpillars, Thrips palmi, tomato fruitworm, tomato pinworm 5 Do not use more than 9 oz per acre per crop. OMRI-listed2.
Esteem Ant Bait
(pyriproxyfen) 1.5-2.0 lb 12 1 red imported fire ant 7C Apply when ants are actively foraging.
Extinguish
((S)-Methoprene)
1.0-1.5 lb
4
0
fire ants
7A
Slow-acting IGR (insect growth regulator). Best applied early spring and fall whre crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after three weeks and eliminated after 8 to 10 weeks. This is the only firea nt bait labeled for use on cropland. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially.
Fulfill
(pymetrozine) 2.75 oz 12 0 green peach aphid, potato aphid, suppression of whiteflies 9B Do not make more than two applications.
Intrepid 2F
(methoxyfenozide) 4-16 fl oz 4 1 beet armyworm, cabbage looper, cutworms, fall armyworm, southern armyworm, tobacco/tomato hornworms, tomato fruitworm, true armyworm, yellowstriped armyworm 18A Do not apply more than 1.0 lb per acre per season.
Javelin WG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.12-1.50 4 0 most caterpillars, but not Spodoptera species (armyworms) 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. OMRI-listed2.
Kelthane MF 4
(dicofol) 0.75-1.5 pt 12 2 mites 20 Do not apply more than 2 applications per year or more than 1.6 pts per year.
Knack IGR
(pyriproxyfen)
8-10 fl oz
12
14
sweetpotato/silverleaf whiteflies (immature)
7C
Do not make more than 2 applications per growing season.
Kryocide
(cryolite) 8-12 12 14 armyworm, cabbage looper, hornworms, pepper weevil 9A Do not exceed 24 lb/acre per crop.
*Lannate LV, *SP (methomyl) LV: 0.75-3.0 pt
SP: 0.25-1.0 lb 48 3 armyworms, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, green peach aphid, loopers, variegated cutworm 1A No more than 10 applications per crop or 15 pt LV or 5 lb SP/acre/crop,
Lepinox WDG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 1.0-2.0 lb 12 0 for most caterpillars, including beet armyworm (see label) 11B2 Treat when larvae are small. Thorough coverage is essential.
Lorsban 75WG
(chlorpyrifos)
[24(c) label] 1.33 lb 24 7 beet armyworm 1B Do not apply within 10 days of transplanting or to plants under severe heat or drought stress. Do not make more than 8 applications.
Malathion 8F
(malathion) 1.5 pt 12 3 aphids 1B Can be used in greenhouse.
*MSR 2 Spray Concentrate
(oxydemeton-methyl) 2 pt 48 3 aphids 1B Do not apply more than 2 times per season.
M-Pede 49% EC
Soap, insecticidal 1-2% V/V 12 0 aphids, leafhoppers, mites, plant bugs, thrips, whiteflies -- OMRI-listed2.
Neemix 4.5
(azadirachtin) 4-16 fl oz. 12 0 aphids, armyworms, cabbage looper, Colorado potato beetle, corn earworm, cutworms, hornworms, leafminers, thrips, tomato pinworm, tomato fruitworm, weevils, whiteflies 18B OMRI-listed2.
Oberon 2SC
(spiromesifen) 7.0-8.5 fl oz 12 7 broad mite, twospotted spider mite, whiteflies (eggs & nymphs) 23 Maximum amount per crop: 25.5 fl oz/acre. No more than 3 applications.
Orthene 75 S (acephate) 0.33-1.33 lb 24 7 cabbage looper, grasshoppers, green peach aphid, tobacco hornworm 1B Do not apply more than 2 lb ai per season.
Platinum
(thiamethoxam) 5-8 fl oz 12 30 aphids, flea beetles, whiteflies 4A Soil application. See label for rotational restrictions.
*Pounce 25 W (permethrin) 6.4-12.8 oz 12 3 cabbage looper, corn earworm, cutworms, flea beetles, leafminers, pepper weevil 3 Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai per acre per season.
*Proclaim
(emamectin benzoate) 2.4-4.8 oz 48 7 beet armyworm, cabbage looper, fall armyworm, hornworms, southern armyworm, tobacco budworm, tomato fruitworm, tomato pinworm, yellowstriped armyworm 6 No more than 28.8 oz/acre per season.
Prokil Cryolite 96
(cryolite) 10-12 lb 12 7 (SLN) armyworms, cabbage looper, flea beetle, hornworms, pepper weevil 9A Do not exceed 24 lb per acre per crop.
Provado 1.6 F (imidacloprid) 3.8 oz or 6.2 for pepper weevil only 12 0 foliar aphids, Colorado potato beetle, leafhoppers, whiteflies 4A Do not apply to crop that has been treated with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. Do not apply more than 19 oz per acre as foliar spray.
Pyrellin EC
(pyrethrin + rotenone) 1-2 pt 12 12 hours aphids, cabbage looper, Colorado potato beetle, cucumber beetles, flea beetles, leafhoppers, leafminer, loopers, mites, plant bugs, stink bugs, thrips, whiteflies 3, 21
Sevin 80S; XLR; 4F
(carbaryl) 80S: 0.63-2.5 lb
XLR; 4F: 0.5-2.0 qt 12 3 Colorado potato beetle, cutworms, fall armyworm, flea beetles, lace bugs, leafhoppers, stink bugs (suppression), tarnished plant bug, thrips (suppression), tomato fruitworm, tomato hornworm, tomato pinworm 1A Do not apply more than seven times.
SpinTor 2 SC
(spinosad) 1.5-8.0 fl oz 4 1 armyworms, flower thrips, hornworms, Liriomyza leafminers, loopers, Thrips palmi, tomato fruitworm 5 Do not apply to seedlings grown for transplant within a greenhouse or shadehouse. Leafminer and thrips control may be improved by adding an adjuvant. Do not apply more than three times in any 21 day period. Do not apply more than 29 oz per acre per crop.
*Telone C-35 (dichloropropene + chloropicrin) See label 5 days -
See label preplant symphylans, wireworms -- See supplemental label for restrictions in certain Florida counties.
Telone II
(dichloropropene)
FUNGICIDES RECOMMENDED FOR PEPPER DISEASES
Crop Chemicals FG Max /Ac Min Days To Harvest Diseases Remarks
Pepper * For best-possible available chemical control of bacterial spot, a copper fungicide should be tank-mixed with a maneb fungicide
Ridomil Gold 4 EC (mefenoxam) 4 1 pt/trtd acre 3 pt/trtd/A Pythium seedling blights
Phytophthora blight Soil spray broadcast or band. Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre preplant or prior to emergence.
Apron XL 3LS (difenconazole + mefanoxam) 3 & 4 0.64 fl oz/100lb seed Pythium damping–off Seed treatment only
Agrimycin
(Streptomycin sulfate and other streptomycin products) 17 200 ppm Bacterial spot For use on transplants only. Apply first spray when seedling is in 2-leaf stage. Apply at 4-5 day intervals until transplanting.
Cabrio 2.08 F (pyraclostrobin) 11 16 fl oz 96 fl oz 0 Powdery mildew Anthracnose
Early blight
Botrytis (suppression) No more than 6 appl. of Cabrio or other Group 11 fungicides/season.
Forum/Acrobat
(dimethomorph) 40 6 oz (Forum)
6.4 oz
(Acrobat) 30 oz 0 Phytophthora blight (suppression only) Apply with another fungicide not in Group 40.
Maneb 80 WP (maneb) M3 3 lb 18 lb 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight *Bacterial spot when tank mixed with a copper fungicide. Use of 1 lb Maneb/A per appl. is sufficient
Maneb 75 DF (maneb) M3 3 lb 19.2 lb 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight *Same as Maneb 80 WP
Quadris 2.08 FL (azoxystrobin) 11 15.5 fl oz 1.92 qt 0 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose Limit is 4 appl/crop & alternate chemistry.
Amistar 80 DF (azoxystrobin) 11 5 oz 1.25 lb 0 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose Limit is 4 appl/crop & alternate chemistry.
Manex 4 F (maneb) M3 2.4 qt 14.4 qt 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight Same for Maneb 80 except adequate rate/A is 0.8 qt.
Ridomil Gold Copper 64.8 W (mefenoxam/
copper hydroxide) 4 & M1 2.5 lb 10 lb 7 Phytophthora
Pythium diseases Use Ridomil Gold EC on soil preplant or at planting. Make up to 2 additional appl. Use 1 pt/A and apply at a 30-day interval.
Presidio
(Fluopicolide) 43 4 fl oz 2 Phytophthora blight For resistance management, a tank mix including a labeled rate of another labeled fungicide with a different mode of action on the target pathogen must be used with Presidio. Recommended spray interval 10 days.
Revus 2.08 F (mandipropamid) 40 8 fl oz (in tank mix with a copper fungicide) 32 1 Phytophthora blight (suppression only) A non-ionic surfactant, crop-oil concentrate or blend is recommended.
JMS Stylet Oil 3 qt NTL Potato Virus Y
Tobacco etch virus
Pepper mottle virus See label for specific app. techniques required (e.g. 400 psi essential).
Various copper compounds (see ind. labels), including Badge, Champ, COC, Copper Count-N, Copper Z4/4, Kocide, Nordox, Nu Cop, Cuprofix Disperss, etc. M1 SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS Bacterial spot
Frogeye leaf spot
Flint 50 WGD (trifloxystrobin) 11 4 oz 16 oz 3 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose (disease suppression) Maximum of 4 appl/
season & alternate chemistries.
Kaligreen
(82% potassium bicarbonate) 33 3 lb 1 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose (disease suppression)
Milstop
(85% potassium bicarbonate) 33 5 lb 0 Powdery mildew
Pythium Greenhouse only
Serenade Max (QST 713 strain of Bacillus subtilis) 3 lb Bacterial spot
Early blight
Powdery mildew
Gray mold Use with copper bactericide for bacterial spot control.
Sonata (QST 2808 strain of Bacillus pumilus) Biological 4 qt Bacterial spot
Powdery mildew Tank mix with copper bactericide for bacterial spot control.
Tanos (famoxadone/
cymoxanil) 11 & 27 10 oz 72 oz 3 Anthracnose
Bacterial soft rot (suppression only)
Bacterial spot (suppression only)
Phytophthora blight (suppression only) Tank mix with contact fungicides. Do not tank mix or rotate with other Group 11 fungicides. Tank mix with copper fungicides for suppression of Phytophthora blight, bacterial spot, and bacterial soft rot.
Ultra Flourish (mefenoxam) 4 1 qt/trtd acre 3 qt Phytophthora blight
Pythium diseases At planting and directed sprays at crown-see label.
Previcur Flex (6 lb a.i./gal) (propamocarb) 28 12.8 oz/100 gal water Phytophthora
Pythium Greenhouse only
Chemical Name Rate
(product/acre) REI
(hours) Days to Harvest Insects MOA
Code1 Notes
Acramite 50-WS
(bifenazate) 0.75-1.0 lb 12 3 twospotted spider mite 25 One application per season.
Actara
(thiamethoxam) 2-4 oz 12 0 aphids, flea beetles, pepper weevil, stink bugs, whiteflies 4A Toxic to bees. Do not apply to blooming plants if bees are foraging.
Admire 2F
(imidacloprid) 16-32 fl oz 12 21 aphids, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles, foliar-feeding thrips, whiteflies 4A Most effective if applied to soil at transplanting.
Admire Pro 7-14.0 fl oz
Admire 2F
(imidacloprid) 0.1 fl oz/1000 plants 12 21 (soil) aphids, whiteflies 4A Planthouse: 1 application to transplants. See label.
Admire Pro 0.44 fl oz/10,000 plants
Agree WG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 lepidopteran larvae (caterpillar pests) 11B1 Apply when larvae are small for best control. Can be used in greenhouse. OMRI-listed2.
*Agri-Mek 0.15 EC
(abamectin) 8-16 fl oz 12 7 broad mite, Liriomyza leafminers, spider mites, Thrips palmi 6 Do not make more than two sequential applications. Do not apply more than 0.056 lb ai per acre per season.
*Ambush 25W
(permethrin) 6.4-12/8 oz 12 3 cabbage looper, flea beetles, pepper weevil, vegetable leafminer 3 Do not apply more than 1.6 lb active ingredient per acre per season.
*Asana XL 0.66EC (esfenvalerate) 5.8-9.6 fl oz 12 7 Colorado potato beetle, corn earworm, cucumber beetles (adults), European corn borer, flea beetles, loopers, southern armyworm, (aids in control of beet armyworm and pepper weevil) 3 Do not apply more than 0.35 lb ai per acre per season, or treat more than 7 times at high rate.
Assail 70WP
(acetamiprid) 0.8-1.7 oz 12 7 aphids, Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies 4A Begin applications for whiteflies when first adults are noticed. Do not apply more than 4 times per season or apply more often than every 7 days.
Assail 30SG 1.5-4.0 oz
Avaunt
(indoxacarb) 2.5-3.5 oz 12 3 beet armyworm, loopers, southern armyworm, tomato fruitworm 22 Minimum spray interval is 5 days. Do not use more than 14 ounces of product per acre per crop.
Aza-Direct
(azadirachtin) 1-2 pts, up to 3.5 pts, if needed 4 0 aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, stink bugs, thrips, weevils, whiteflies 18B Antifeedant, repellent, insect growth regulator. OMRI-listed2.
Azatin XL
(azadirachtin)
5-21 fl oz
4
0
aphids, beetles, caterpillars, leafhoppers, leafminers, thrips, weevils, whiteflies
18B
Antifeedant, repellent, insect growth regulator.
*Baythroid 2E
(cyfluthrin) 1.6-2.8 fl oz 12 7 beet armyworm (1), cabbage looper, corn earworm, leafhoppers, leafminers (2), pepper weevil (2), thrips (except Thrips palmi) 3 (1) 1st and 2nd instars only
(2) aids in suppression
Do not apply more than 0.26 lb ai per acre per season (6 applications) or 0.132 lb ai per acre (XL)
Beleaf 50 SG
(flonicamid) 2.0-2.8 oz 12 0 aphids, plant bugs 9C Do not apply more than 8.4 oz/acre per season. Begin applications before pests reach damaging levels.
Biobit HP
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars (will not control large armyworms) 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. Can be used in the greenhouse. OMRI-listed2.
BotaniGard 22 WP, ES
(Beauveria bassiana) WP:
0.5-2 lb 100/gal
ES:
0.5-2 qt 100/gal 4 0 aphids, thrips, whiteflies -- May be used in greenhouses. Contact dealer for recommendations if an adjuvant must be used. Not compatible in tank mix with fungicides.
*Capture 2EC
(bifenthrin)
2.1-6.4 fl oz
12
7
armyworms, corn earworm, cucumber beetles, cutworms, leafminers, loopers, mites, pepper weevil, thrips, whiteflies
3
Do not make applications less than 7 days apart. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb active ingredient per acre per season.
Confirm 2F
(tebufenozide) 6-16 fl oz 4 7 beet armyworm, black cutworm, cabbage looper, fall armyworm, southern armyworm, tobacco hornworm, tomato hornworm, true armyworm, yellowstriped armyworm 18A Do not apply more than 1.0 lb ai per acre per season.
Crymax WDG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Use high rate for armyworms. Treat when larvae are young.
Deliver
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-1.25 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Use higher rates for armyworms. OMRI-listed2.
Dibrom 8EC
(naled) 1 pt 48 1 aphids, blister beetle, flea beetles, leafminers, mites 1B Apply no more than 1 pt/acre in Florida. Do not apply when temperature is over 90°F.
Dimethoate 4EC, 2.67EC
(dimethoate) 4EC: 0.5-0.67 pt
2.67: 0.75-1 pt 48 2 - 4 EC
0 - 2.67 EC aphids, leafminers 1B Highly toxic to bees.
Dimilan 25W
(diflubenzuron) 4-8 oz 12 7 foliage-feeding caterpillars, pepper weevil (reduces hatching of eggs produced by adults that have consumed treated foliage) 15 Up to 5 applications per season, but no more than 24 oz. per acre per season. IGR - effects not seen for 5-7 days.
Dimilan 2L 4-8 fl oz
DiPel DF
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.5-2.0 lb 4 0 caterpillars 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential.
Endosulfan 3EC
(endosulfan) 0.66-1.33 qt 24 See label 1 or 4, depending on rate used. armyworms, flea beetles, green peach aphid, hornworms, leafhoppers, pepper maggot, whiteflies 2 Do not apply more than twice a year. Do not exceed 2.0 lb active ingredient per acre per year.
Entrust
(spinosad) 0.5-2.5 oz 4 1 armyworms, flower thrips, hornworms, leafminers, loopers, other caterpillars, Thrips palmi, tomato fruitworm, tomato pinworm 5 Do not use more than 9 oz per acre per crop. OMRI-listed2.
Esteem Ant Bait
(pyriproxyfen) 1.5-2.0 lb 12 1 red imported fire ant 7C Apply when ants are actively foraging.
Extinguish
((S)-Methoprene)
1.0-1.5 lb
4
0
fire ants
7A
Slow-acting IGR (insect growth regulator). Best applied early spring and fall whre crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after three weeks and eliminated after 8 to 10 weeks. This is the only firea nt bait labeled for use on cropland. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially.
Fulfill
(pymetrozine) 2.75 oz 12 0 green peach aphid, potato aphid, suppression of whiteflies 9B Do not make more than two applications.
Intrepid 2F
(methoxyfenozide) 4-16 fl oz 4 1 beet armyworm, cabbage looper, cutworms, fall armyworm, southern armyworm, tobacco/tomato hornworms, tomato fruitworm, true armyworm, yellowstriped armyworm 18A Do not apply more than 1.0 lb per acre per season.
Javelin WG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 0.12-1.50 4 0 most caterpillars, but not Spodoptera species (armyworms) 11B2 Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. OMRI-listed2.
Kelthane MF 4
(dicofol) 0.75-1.5 pt 12 2 mites 20 Do not apply more than 2 applications per year or more than 1.6 pts per year.
Knack IGR
(pyriproxyfen)
8-10 fl oz
12
14
sweetpotato/silverleaf whiteflies (immature)
7C
Do not make more than 2 applications per growing season.
Kryocide
(cryolite) 8-12 12 14 armyworm, cabbage looper, hornworms, pepper weevil 9A Do not exceed 24 lb/acre per crop.
*Lannate LV, *SP (methomyl) LV: 0.75-3.0 pt
SP: 0.25-1.0 lb 48 3 armyworms, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, green peach aphid, loopers, variegated cutworm 1A No more than 10 applications per crop or 15 pt LV or 5 lb SP/acre/crop,
Lepinox WDG
(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) 1.0-2.0 lb 12 0 for most caterpillars, including beet armyworm (see label) 11B2 Treat when larvae are small. Thorough coverage is essential.
Lorsban 75WG
(chlorpyrifos)
[24(c) label] 1.33 lb 24 7 beet armyworm 1B Do not apply within 10 days of transplanting or to plants under severe heat or drought stress. Do not make more than 8 applications.
Malathion 8F
(malathion) 1.5 pt 12 3 aphids 1B Can be used in greenhouse.
*MSR 2 Spray Concentrate
(oxydemeton-methyl) 2 pt 48 3 aphids 1B Do not apply more than 2 times per season.
M-Pede 49% EC
Soap, insecticidal 1-2% V/V 12 0 aphids, leafhoppers, mites, plant bugs, thrips, whiteflies -- OMRI-listed2.
Neemix 4.5
(azadirachtin) 4-16 fl oz. 12 0 aphids, armyworms, cabbage looper, Colorado potato beetle, corn earworm, cutworms, hornworms, leafminers, thrips, tomato pinworm, tomato fruitworm, weevils, whiteflies 18B OMRI-listed2.
Oberon 2SC
(spiromesifen) 7.0-8.5 fl oz 12 7 broad mite, twospotted spider mite, whiteflies (eggs & nymphs) 23 Maximum amount per crop: 25.5 fl oz/acre. No more than 3 applications.
Orthene 75 S (acephate) 0.33-1.33 lb 24 7 cabbage looper, grasshoppers, green peach aphid, tobacco hornworm 1B Do not apply more than 2 lb ai per season.
Platinum
(thiamethoxam) 5-8 fl oz 12 30 aphids, flea beetles, whiteflies 4A Soil application. See label for rotational restrictions.
*Pounce 25 W (permethrin) 6.4-12.8 oz 12 3 cabbage looper, corn earworm, cutworms, flea beetles, leafminers, pepper weevil 3 Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai per acre per season.
*Proclaim
(emamectin benzoate) 2.4-4.8 oz 48 7 beet armyworm, cabbage looper, fall armyworm, hornworms, southern armyworm, tobacco budworm, tomato fruitworm, tomato pinworm, yellowstriped armyworm 6 No more than 28.8 oz/acre per season.
Prokil Cryolite 96
(cryolite) 10-12 lb 12 7 (SLN) armyworms, cabbage looper, flea beetle, hornworms, pepper weevil 9A Do not exceed 24 lb per acre per crop.
Provado 1.6 F (imidacloprid) 3.8 oz or 6.2 for pepper weevil only 12 0 foliar aphids, Colorado potato beetle, leafhoppers, whiteflies 4A Do not apply to crop that has been treated with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. Do not apply more than 19 oz per acre as foliar spray.
Pyrellin EC
(pyrethrin + rotenone) 1-2 pt 12 12 hours aphids, cabbage looper, Colorado potato beetle, cucumber beetles, flea beetles, leafhoppers, leafminer, loopers, mites, plant bugs, stink bugs, thrips, whiteflies 3, 21
Sevin 80S; XLR; 4F
(carbaryl) 80S: 0.63-2.5 lb
XLR; 4F: 0.5-2.0 qt 12 3 Colorado potato beetle, cutworms, fall armyworm, flea beetles, lace bugs, leafhoppers, stink bugs (suppression), tarnished plant bug, thrips (suppression), tomato fruitworm, tomato hornworm, tomato pinworm 1A Do not apply more than seven times.
SpinTor 2 SC
(spinosad) 1.5-8.0 fl oz 4 1 armyworms, flower thrips, hornworms, Liriomyza leafminers, loopers, Thrips palmi, tomato fruitworm 5 Do not apply to seedlings grown for transplant within a greenhouse or shadehouse. Leafminer and thrips control may be improved by adding an adjuvant. Do not apply more than three times in any 21 day period. Do not apply more than 29 oz per acre per crop.
*Telone C-35 (dichloropropene + chloropicrin) See label 5 days -
See label preplant symphylans, wireworms -- See supplemental label for restrictions in certain Florida counties.
Telone II
(dichloropropene)
FUNGICIDES RECOMMENDED FOR PEPPER DISEASES
Crop Chemicals FG Max /Ac Min Days To Harvest Diseases Remarks
Pepper * For best-possible available chemical control of bacterial spot, a copper fungicide should be tank-mixed with a maneb fungicide
Ridomil Gold 4 EC (mefenoxam) 4 1 pt/trtd acre 3 pt/trtd/A Pythium seedling blights
Phytophthora blight Soil spray broadcast or band. Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre preplant or prior to emergence.
Apron XL 3LS (difenconazole + mefanoxam) 3 & 4 0.64 fl oz/100lb seed Pythium damping–off Seed treatment only
Agrimycin
(Streptomycin sulfate and other streptomycin products) 17 200 ppm Bacterial spot For use on transplants only. Apply first spray when seedling is in 2-leaf stage. Apply at 4-5 day intervals until transplanting.
Cabrio 2.08 F (pyraclostrobin) 11 16 fl oz 96 fl oz 0 Powdery mildew Anthracnose
Early blight
Botrytis (suppression) No more than 6 appl. of Cabrio or other Group 11 fungicides/season.
Forum/Acrobat
(dimethomorph) 40 6 oz (Forum)
6.4 oz
(Acrobat) 30 oz 0 Phytophthora blight (suppression only) Apply with another fungicide not in Group 40.
Maneb 80 WP (maneb) M3 3 lb 18 lb 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight *Bacterial spot when tank mixed with a copper fungicide. Use of 1 lb Maneb/A per appl. is sufficient
Maneb 75 DF (maneb) M3 3 lb 19.2 lb 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight *Same as Maneb 80 WP
Quadris 2.08 FL (azoxystrobin) 11 15.5 fl oz 1.92 qt 0 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose Limit is 4 appl/crop & alternate chemistry.
Amistar 80 DF (azoxystrobin) 11 5 oz 1.25 lb 0 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose Limit is 4 appl/crop & alternate chemistry.
Manex 4 F (maneb) M3 2.4 qt 14.4 qt 7 Bacterial spot*
Frogeye leaf spot
Anthracnose
Phytophthora blight Same for Maneb 80 except adequate rate/A is 0.8 qt.
Ridomil Gold Copper 64.8 W (mefenoxam/
copper hydroxide) 4 & M1 2.5 lb 10 lb 7 Phytophthora
Pythium diseases Use Ridomil Gold EC on soil preplant or at planting. Make up to 2 additional appl. Use 1 pt/A and apply at a 30-day interval.
Presidio
(Fluopicolide) 43 4 fl oz 2 Phytophthora blight For resistance management, a tank mix including a labeled rate of another labeled fungicide with a different mode of action on the target pathogen must be used with Presidio. Recommended spray interval 10 days.
Revus 2.08 F (mandipropamid) 40 8 fl oz (in tank mix with a copper fungicide) 32 1 Phytophthora blight (suppression only) A non-ionic surfactant, crop-oil concentrate or blend is recommended.
JMS Stylet Oil 3 qt NTL Potato Virus Y
Tobacco etch virus
Pepper mottle virus See label for specific app. techniques required (e.g. 400 psi essential).
Various copper compounds (see ind. labels), including Badge, Champ, COC, Copper Count-N, Copper Z4/4, Kocide, Nordox, Nu Cop, Cuprofix Disperss, etc. M1 SEE INDIVIDUAL LABELS Bacterial spot
Frogeye leaf spot
Flint 50 WGD (trifloxystrobin) 11 4 oz 16 oz 3 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose (disease suppression) Maximum of 4 appl/
season & alternate chemistries.
Kaligreen
(82% potassium bicarbonate) 33 3 lb 1 Powdery mildew
Anthracnose (disease suppression)
Milstop
(85% potassium bicarbonate) 33 5 lb 0 Powdery mildew
Pythium Greenhouse only
Serenade Max (QST 713 strain of Bacillus subtilis) 3 lb Bacterial spot
Early blight
Powdery mildew
Gray mold Use with copper bactericide for bacterial spot control.
Sonata (QST 2808 strain of Bacillus pumilus) Biological 4 qt Bacterial spot
Powdery mildew Tank mix with copper bactericide for bacterial spot control.
Tanos (famoxadone/
cymoxanil) 11 & 27 10 oz 72 oz 3 Anthracnose
Bacterial soft rot (suppression only)
Bacterial spot (suppression only)
Phytophthora blight (suppression only) Tank mix with contact fungicides. Do not tank mix or rotate with other Group 11 fungicides. Tank mix with copper fungicides for suppression of Phytophthora blight, bacterial spot, and bacterial soft rot.
Ultra Flourish (mefenoxam) 4 1 qt/trtd acre 3 qt Phytophthora blight
Pythium diseases At planting and directed sprays at crown-see label.
Previcur Flex (6 lb a.i./gal) (propamocarb) 28 12.8 oz/100 gal water Phytophthora
Pythium Greenhouse only
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